Monday, October 16, 2023

Single Mothers in China: Shining a Light on Unjust Stigma

 

Chinese influencers are shattering the shackles of prejudice, weaving a fresh narrative for single mothers in China. Much like the rebirth of phoenixes from ashes, these influencers are boldly redefining family dynamics and dismantling long-standing stereotypes surrounding single mothers within the nation.


China's society is undergoing rapid change, particularly in its attitude towards single mothers. At the age of 28, Wei Zhang (whose name has been altered to protect her privacy) made a bold decision that challenged deeply entrenched societal norms. Her ambition was to embrace motherhood without the constraints of marriage. To bring this dream to life, she embarked on a remarkable journey that took her to both the United States and Russia, where she underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, ultimately giving birth to two beautiful daughters. Today, Ms. Zhang has amassed an impressive following of over 7.3 million on Douyin, the Chinese equivalent of TikTok. Her platform offers a window into her life as a single mother, occasionally featuring promotions for her skincare company. Ms. Zhang's distinctive appearance, characterized by her choice of menswear attire and a crew cut, symbolizes a captivating blend of masculinity and femininity, earning her admiration from a diverse and captivated audience.

However, beyond the allure of her affluence and her endearing children, Ms. Zhang's admirers are drawn to her passionate advocacy for single parenthood. In a society where traditional family structures have long held sway as the prevailing norm, Wei Zhang's bold choice to embrace motherhood independently stands in stark contrast to conventional Chinese cultural values. Remarkably, she encountered a distinct absence of the stigma that once burdened individuals who undertook similar paths in Chinese society's historical context. Her Douyin channel is just one among many platforms where single mothers exchange insights on reproductive technologies like IVF and disseminate messages promoting female independence. Through these efforts, they collectively challenge conventional notions of family planning and “empower” China’s  women to take control of their reproductive destinies.

As Ms. Zhang continues to influence and empower her growing audience, her personal journey mirrors a broader societal shift occurring in China. An increasing number of women are reshaping their roles and advocating for greater autonomy in family-planning decisions. By exchanging their stories and pooling their collective experiences, these women are fostering a burgeoning sense of empowerment among their fellow women. Their narratives vividly demonstrate that unconventional routes to motherhood are gaining as much prominence as traditional ones, particularly in places like China, where such choices were initially met with societal disapproval. Within this evolving narrative, Ms. Zhang stands as a symbol, embodying the qualities of a powerful man, the tenderness of a woman, the responsibilities of a father, and the greatness of a mother, all encapsulated within the determination of a single individual.

This shift toward recognizing children born out of wedlock in China's government registry is causing some unease in a society where traditional households continue to hold sway, and single mothers often face unequal access to government benefits. The prevailing cultural norms have historically placed a strong emphasis on family values and traditional marriage, leading to societal stigmatization of unwed or unmarried mothers. These women have frequently encountered barriers when attempting to officially register their children and secure the rights and benefits enjoyed by children born within wedlock.

However, the changing demographic landscape in China has compelled the state to adopt a more flexible approach. With concerns about a declining population and an aging workforce, the government has begun to loosen its stance. Since 2022, four provinces  in China have officially allowed the registration of children born out of wedlock, and others are following suit, albeit without significant public promotion to avoid conflicting with established social values. As a result, many unwed or unmarried Chinese women now anticipate less trouble when registering their children in the country's official registry, signaling a gradual evolution in societal acceptance of non-traditional family structures.

Shuffling the Deck

Ms. Hui, a 33-year-old residing in Shanghai, finds herself in a unique position as a single, pregnant woman in her neighborhood. Approximately a year ago, she reached a pivotal decision that she did not have sufficient time to both find a life partner and embark on motherhood while still in the prime of her youth. Consequently, she made the bold choice to prioritize motherhood and decided to have a child first. However, navigating this journey in China comes with its own set of challenges, as single women are currently not permitted to utilize sperm banks or freeze their eggs. In response to these challenges, Ms. Hui made the decision to approach a friend, with no plans for marriage, and they engaged in an intimate relationship that resulted in her pregnancy. Throughout her journey, she has received support from her mother and peers, although her conservative father required some persuasion. Ms. Hui's mother consistently emphasized that the times have evolved, and her daughter's pregnancy was a deliberate choice rather than an accidental circumstance. In the eyes of her loved ones, Ms. Hui is celebrated as a remarkable and courageous mother-to-be, defying traditional norms and expectations.

Ms. Hui's unconventional approach to motherhood places her within a relatively small minority in China. Published evidence suggests that the majority of single mothers in the country are either divorced or widowed, often belonging to the working-class or facing economic hardships. Messages promoting economic self-sufficiency do resonate with these women, but they also acknowledge disparities with some of the influencers on Douyin.

What is becoming increasingly evident in China is the emergence of a subset of women who are uninterested in traditional marriage. Many single women in the country argue that the demands of working, cleaning, cooking, and raising their children consume the majority of their energy. In this context, carving out time for pursuing a romantic relationship can seem like an additional burden. Indeed, Chinese society is undergoing a transformation, with women challenging and dismantling taboos that were prevalent just a decade ago. This evolution reflects a broader shift towards individual empowerment and the recognition that there are diverse and valid paths to fulfillment and motherhood outside of traditional marital norms.

 

 

 

Notes

 

McDonell, S. (2023, July 29). Why It's Getting Easier to Be a Single Mum in China. Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-66064589

The Economist. (2023, July 6). Glorious Mamas: Challenging the Stigma Associated With Single Mothers in China. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/china/2023/07/06/challenging-the-stigma-associated-with-single-mothers-in-china

Wang, V. (2021, May 31). For China’s Single Mothers, a Road to Recognition Paved With False Starts. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/31/world/asia/china-mothers-children-birth.html

 

 

No comments:

Post a Comment

China’s Fiscal Band-Aid Won’t Stop the Bleeding When Trump’s Tariff Sword Strikes

  China's cautious stimulus is nothing but a financial fig leaf, barely hiding the inevitable collision course it faces with Trump's...