Thursday, November 9, 2023

Nigeria's Economic Woes at 63: Like That Old Pile of Laundry You Keep Avoiding

 


Nigeria celebrated its 63rd independence last October. Yet, the Nigerian people are not happy with their politicians because the country is facing the same problems they have had for decades: high unemployment, poverty, decaying infrastructure, and insecurity. In fact, Nigerian politicians are like wayward lovers. When you think you've conquered them, they will certainly desert you.

Just last month, Nigeria celebrated its Independence Day. However, among the Nigerian people, there were more complaints than celebrations, and there are valid reasons for that. After 63 years of independence, Nigerian politicians have managed to achieve a high level of joblessness, poverty, insecurity, and decaying infrastructure, among other issues. Nigeria has become a country where almost everything has deteriorated: our roads have turned into death traps, poverty and unemployment have worsened, people are lucky if they get electricity for up to 5 hours a day, and obtaining government services, such as applying for a driver's license, often requires bribing civil servants. Instead of focusing on apprehending criminals, the police were preoccupied with extorting drivers on highways. Additionally, both state and federal departments have been plagued by "ghost workers" – non-existent employees whose monthly salaries are redirected to enrich permanent secretaries and politicians.

Furthermore, the problem of insecurity has reached alarming levels, with "unknown gunmen" causing havoc among the Igbo tribes in Eastern Nigeria, Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen creating nightmares in Northern Nigeria, and criminal syndicates led by individuals like Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, Ateke Tom, and Tompolo (Government Oweizide Ekpemupolo) unleashing mayhem in the Niger Delta region. According to available published evidence, this insecurity situation has resulted in the deaths of thousands of people due to insurgency, kidnapping, banditry, and armed robbery in the country. The impact on ordinary Nigerians is indescribable, echoing the words of the late Afro King musician Fela Anikulapo Kuti, who said that economically, the lives of Nigerians are rolling like a foolish ball, blown around by a foolish wind from every foolish direction.

Meanwhile, Nigeria's newly elected president, Mr. Bola Tinubu, emerged victorious in an election marred by widespread irregularities and vote rigging. His campaign slogan, "fuel subsidy is gone," echoed throughout the nation, and he emphasized this message during his acceptance speech. He firmly believed that ending the fuel subsidy would usher in a new era of prosperity for Nigeria. However, the consequences of this decision were far-reaching, impacting various aspects of the country's social and economic landscape.

The removal of the fuel subsidy had both positive and negative effects, affecting the lives of ordinary Nigerians in different ways. Some changes were welcomed, while others brought about significant challenges. It is essential to delve into the multifaceted impact of this policy shift. On the positive side, the removal of the fuel subsidy marked the end of an era characterized by the twilight of former President Muhammadu Buhari's administration. It symbolized a transition towards a new chapter in Nigeria's history. Additionally, long queues at petrol stations became a thing of the past, as fuel availability and distribution improved. This alleviated some of the daily frustrations endured by the Nigerian populace.

However, not all the consequences were positive. The removal of the fuel subsidy led to an increase in transport fare, which burdened the already struggling population. Unemployment rates surged, causing widespread economic instability. Hunger and disease became more prevalent, with the cost of food items and healthcare skyrocketing. Additionally, school fees became unaffordable for many, and ASUU strikes disrupted the education system, affecting the future of countless young Nigerians. In essence, the elimination of the fuel subsidy had a far-reaching impact on the daily lives of ordinary citizens, affecting their economic stability and overall well-being.

Despite these challenges, one group that remained resilient in the face of adversity was the working class in the cities and the rural peasants and masses. These were the same individuals who had turned out in large numbers to vote during the previous elections, enduring long lines and harsh weather conditions. However, their votes seemed to be caught in a never-ending legal battle, as election results continued to be contested in courtrooms and debated in various forums. This poor and marginalized segments of Nigerian society found themselves caught in a web of uncertainty. They questioned the discrepancies between the evidence they saw with their own eyes and the outcomes presented in court. They wondered why the Nigerian judiciary often relied on obscure evidence and technicalities that were incomprehensible to the average citizen in the pursuit of justice. In simple terms, these poor Nigerians expressed their frustration, believing that lawyers and judges had become entangled in a web of complex legal intricacies that had distanced them from the realities of everyday life. They yearned for a judicial system that would deliver justice transparently and comprehensibly, bridging the gap between the legal world and the experiences of ordinary Nigerians.

Suffering and Smiling

It has been a grueling five months since the government's decision to discard the fuel subsidy, and the impact on the lives of ordinary Nigerians, particularly the impoverished ones, has been strikingly uniform across the nation. The contours of their existence are etched with the harsh language of suffering. Among their ranks, you will find government workers struggling to make ends meet, fishermen striving to bring home a meager catch, teachers facing stagnant wages, farmers toiling on unyielding lands, market traders trying to eke out a living, artisans honing their skills under challenging conditions, market women enduring the marketplace's unforgiving dynamics, laborers engaged in grueling work, and school children caught in the crossfire of economic turmoil. From the northern reaches of Sokoto to the southern port city of Port Harcourt, hunger and thirst have become constant companions for these resilient souls. Many of them are forced to call makeshift shelters, constructed from thatch, cardboard, scrap materials, and metal, their homes. For hundreds of Nigerian children and adults, these rudimentary structures represent the only refuge from the harsh elements. Some are reduced to begging on the unforgiving streets, and their downcast expressions speak volumes about their desperate circumstances. Ironically, the prospect of incarceration seems preferable to some, as they envision it as a place where they can at least find a bed and three meals a day.

In the rural heartlands of Nigeria, most farmers dare not venture onto their own lands for fear of attacks by unknown gunmen or clashes with Fulani herdsmen. Those who have managed to plant food crops often find themselves unable to afford the basic necessity of fertilizer, rendering their efforts less productive and exacerbating the food crisis. Meanwhile, in the bustling cities, the ramshackle shanties of the impoverished coexist uneasily with opulent mansions made of tile, stone, glass, and concrete, predominantly owned by a select few among Nigeria's elite, including senators, governors, counselors, local government chairpersons, and members of the ruling political party. This stark contrast is nowhere more evident than on the streets, where sleek, imposing jeeps and luxurious sports utility vehicles belonging to the political class and the few wealthy Nigerians vie for space and dominance alongside motorbikes, tricycles, wheelbarrows, and hand-pulled carriages, all navigating the treacherous terrain of potholed roads.

Amidst these disparities, the impoverished populace remains steadfast and analytical. They refuse to accept their marginalized status and the ever-widening chasm separating them from the affluent elite. They are asking difficult questions and demanding a better life. The fuel subsidy may have been discarded with the wave of a bureaucratic hand, but the poor of Nigeria refuse to be treated as disposable commodities. They are united in their call for a more equitable and just society, where their basic needs are met, and their dignity is preserved.

Missed Opportunities, Regrets Linger

As the time for the new school session approaches, it is crucial to reflect on the state of education in Nigeria and the government's role in shaping it. Looking back to the early days of Nigeria's independence, we find a period often referred to as the nation's golden age. During this time, leaders like Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Ahmadu Bello, and Tafawa Balewa governed with limited resources, primarily derived from taxes and agricultural products like cocoa and groundnuts. These visionary leaders oversaw the establishment of some of the world's top universities, such as the University of Ibadan, University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University), University of Nigeria Nsukka, and Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. These institutions attracted international talent, with expatriates vying for teaching positions across various faculties. These leaders understood that education was not just a tool for personal development but also a means of liberation. What united them was their unwavering patriotism and their refusal to exploit state resources for personal gain.

However, from the 1980s to the present day, it seems that Nigeria's ruling elite has deliberately undermined public schools and universities. Public educational institutions have been deprived of essential funding, forcing them to introduce tuition fees at all levels, from primary to tertiary education. This policy has had profound consequences: children from affluent families attend expensive private schools and universities, both domestically and abroad, while those from less privileged backgrounds are left with limited access to quality education.

The Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), representing Nigerian university teachers, has consistently raised alarm bells about the deteriorating state of the educational system. They have called upon the government to fulfill its social responsibility of adequately funding education. Education is universally recognized as a fundamental right, not a privilege. ASUU's efforts have included appeals, dialogues, warning strikes, and, at times, indefinite strikes. However, the judiciary entered the fray, deeming ASUU's strikes illegal based on obscure legal interpretations. This emboldened the government to withhold nine months' worth of salaries from ASUU members. In the midst of this struggle, the children of the less privileged wonder: Who will pay their tuition fees? What awaits them in the future?

As Nigeria marks its 63rd year of independence, the prospects for the impoverished remain grim. They continue to grapple with pressing questions: Who can afford the soaring prices of essential food items in the markets? Who knows the hardship of waking up with empty pockets? Who understands the daily struggle of living in squalor and disease under a leaky roof? Who can empathize with the pain of walking barefoot on rough terrain? Who comprehends the feeling of being trapped in a world devoid of freedom? Who acknowledges that the government, in its silence, inflicts harm upon its citizens? These questions weigh heavily on the minds of the less privileged Nigerians, underscoring the urgent need for systemic change and a brighter future for all Nigerians.

 

 

Notes

 

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Agbelusi, S. (2022, June). Insecurity: A Norm in Nigeria. Retrieved from The Cable: https://www.thecable.ng/insecurity-a-norm-in-nigeria

Akintoye, E. O., & Uhunmwuangho, S. O. (2018). Analysis of the effects of frequent strikes on academic performance of students in universities in Nigeria: Edo State as a focal point. African Research Review, 12(1), 56-65. Retrieved 11 9, 2023, from https://ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/view/168488

Asuni, J. B. (2009). Understanding the Armed Groups of the Niger Delta . Retrieved from Council on Foreign Relations - Working Paper: https://www.cfr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2009/09/CFR_WorkingPaper_2_NigerDelta.pdf

Bwala, J., Ogao, E., & Winsor, M. (2023, March 1). Nigeria Presidential Election 2023: Bola Tinubu Declared Winner Amid Calls for a Rerun. Retrieved from ABC News: https://abcnews.go.com/International/nigeria-presidential-election-2023-bola-tinubu-declared-winner/story?id=97543621

Cartwright , R., & Atampugre, N. (2020). Organised oil crime in Nigeria. Retrieved from ENACT: https://enact-africa.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/2020-11-26-organised-oil-crime-in-nigeria.pdf

Diala-Ogamba, B. (2007). Music as Social Poetry: A Critical Evaluation of Fela Anikulapo Kuri's Afro-Beat Lyrics. The Langston Hughes Review, 21, 30-38.

Doki, J. (2023, October 3). Nigeria’s Many Problems at 63. Retrieved from Punch Newspaper: https://punchng.com/nigerias-many-problems-at-63/

Geoffrey, A. A. (2019). Impacts of ASUU Strike on Tertiary Education in Nigeria; An Assessment | University of Nigeria, Nsukka Open Education Resources (OER). Retrieved 11 9, 2023, from https://oer.unn.edu.ng/read/impacts-of-asuu-strike-on-tertiary-education-in-nigeria-an-assessment/file.docx

International Crisis Group. (2018, July 26). Stopping Nigeria’s Spiralling Farmer-Herder Violence. Retrieved from ICG: https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/262-stopping-nigerias-spiralling-farmer-herder-violence

Jacobsen, K. L., Sernia, G., & Faipoux, H. (2021). Pirates of the Niger Delta: Between Brown and Blue Waters. Retrieved from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: https://www.unodc.org/res/piracy/index_html/UNODC_GMCP_Pirates_of_the_Niger_Delta_between_brown_and_blue_waters.pdf

Last FM. (2023). Fela Kuti. Retrieved from https://www.last.fm/music/Fela+Kuti/_/O.D.O.O.+(Edit+Version)/+lyrics

Moja, T. (2000). Nigeria Education Sector Analysis: An Analytical Synthesis of Performance and Main Issues. Retrieved 11 9, 2023, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/nigeriaextn/resources/ed_sec_analysis.pdf

Offem, O. O., Anashie, A. I., & Aniah, S. A. (2018). Effect of strikes on management and planning of educational activities in Nigerian universities. Global Journal of Educational Research, 17(1), 1-8. Retrieved 11 9, 2023, from https://ajol.info/index.php/gjedr/article/view/170805

Okoli, A. C. (2022, December 28). Nigeria Insecurity: 2022 Was a Bad Year and Points to Need for Major Reforms. Retrieved from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/nigeria-insecurity-2022-was-a-bad-year-and-points-to-need-for-major-reforms-194554

Owolabi, T. (2022, September 1). Former Nigerian Militants Get Contracts to Combat Oil Theft. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/former-nigerian-militants-get-contracts-combat-oil-theft-2022-08-26/

The Brookings Institution. (2020, December 7). Insecurity in Northeast Nigeria and Beyond. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/fp_20201207_nigeria_insecurity_transcript.pdf

 

 

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